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D.2.6 Earliest Deadline First Dispatching

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     The deadline of a task is an indication of the urgency of the task; it represents a point on an ideal physical time line. Unless otherwise specified, whenever tasks compete for processors or other implementation-defined resources, the resources are allocated to the task with the earliest deadline.
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     This clause defines a package for representing a task's deadline and a dispatching policy that defines Earliest Deadline First (EDF) dispatching. A pragma is defined to assign an initial deadline to a task.

Syntax

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The form of a pragma Relative_Deadline is as follows:
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  pragma Relative_Deadline (relative_deadline_expression);

Name Resolution Rules

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     The expected type for relative_deadline_expression is Real_Time.Time_Span.

Legality Rules

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     A Relative_Deadline pragma is allowed only immediately within a task_definition or the declarative_part of a subprogram_body. At most one such pragma shall appear within a given construct.

Static Semantics

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     The policy_identifier EDF_Across_Priorities is a task dispatching policy.
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     The following language-defined library package exists:
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with Ada.Real_Time;
with Ada.Task_Identification;
package Ada.Dispatching.EDF is
  subtype Deadline is Ada.Real_Time.Time;
  Default_Deadline : constant Deadline :=
              Ada.Real_Time.Time_Last;
  procedure Set_Deadline (D : in Deadline;
              T : in Ada.Task_Identification.Task_Id :=
              Ada.Task_Identification.Current_Task);
  procedure Delay_Until_And_Set_Deadline (
              Delay_Until_Time : in Ada.Real_Time.Time;
              Deadline_Offset : in Ada.Real_Time.Time_Span);
  function Get_Deadline (T : in Ada.Task_Identification.Task_Id :=
              Ada.Task_Identification.Current_Task) return Deadline;
end Ada.Dispatching.EDF;

Post-Compilation Rules

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     If the EDF_Across_Priorities policy is specified for a partition, then the Ceiling_Locking policy (see D.3) shall also be specified for the partition.
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     If the EDF_Across_Priorities policy appears in a Priority_Specific_Dispatching pragma (see D.2.2) in a partition, then the Ceiling_Locking policy (see D.3) shall also be specified for the partition.

Dynamic Semantics

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     A Relative_Deadline pragma has no effect if it occurs in the declarative_part of the subprogram_body of a subprogram other than the main subprogram.
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      The initial absolute deadline of a task containing pragma Relative_Deadline is the value of Real_Time.Clock + relative_deadline_expression, where the call of Real_Time.Clock is made between task creation and the start of its activation. If there is no Relative_Deadline pragma then the initial absolute deadline of a task is the value of Default_Deadline. The environment task is also given an initial deadline by this rule.
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      The procedure Set_Deadline changes the absolute deadline of the task to D. The function Get_Deadline returns the absolute deadline of the task.
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      The procedure Delay_Until_And_Set_Deadline delays the calling task until time Delay_Until_Time. When the task becomes runnable again it will have deadline Delay_Until_Time + Deadline_Offset.
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      On a system with a single processor, the setting of a task's deadline to the new value occurs immediately at the first point that is outside the execution of an abort-deferred operation. If the task is currently on a ready queue it is removed and re-entered on to the ready queue determined by the rules defined below.
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      When EDF_Across_Priorities is specified for priority range Low..High all ready queues in this range are ordered by deadline. The task at the head of a queue is the one with the earliest deadline.
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      A task dispatching point occurs for the currently running task T to which policy EDF_Across_Priorities applies whenever:
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      In these cases, the currently running task is said to be preempted and is returned to the ready queue for its active priority.
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      For a task T to which policy EDF_Across_Priorities applies, the active priority when first activated or while it is blocked is defined as the maximum of the following:
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      When a task T is first activated or becomes unblocked, it is added to the ready queue corresponding to this active priority. Until it becomes blocked again, the active priority of T remains no less than this value; it will exceed this value only while it is inheriting a higher priority.
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      When the setting of the base priority of a task takes effect and the new priority is in a range specified as EDF_Across_Priorities, the task is added to the ready queue corresponding to its new active priority, as determined above.
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      For all the operations defined in this package, Tasking_Error is raised if the task identified by T has terminated. Program_Error is raised if the value of T is Null_Task_Id.

Bounded (Run-Time) Errors

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      If EDF_Across_Priorities is specified for priority range Low..High, it is a bounded error to declare a protected object with ceiling priority Low or to assign the value Low to attribute 'Priority. In either case either Program_Error is raised or the ceiling of the protected object is assigned the value Low+1.

Erroneous Execution

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      If a value of Task_Id is passed as a parameter to any of the subprograms of this package and the corresponding task object no longer exists, the execution of the program is erroneous.

Documentation Requirements

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      On a multiprocessor, the implementation shall document any conditions that cause the completion of the setting of a task's deadline to be delayed later than what is specified for a single processor.
NOTES
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21  If two adjacent priority ranges, A..B and B+1..C are specified to have policy EDF_Across_Priorities then this is not equivalent to this policy being specified for the single range, A..C.
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22  The above rules implement the preemption-level protocol (also called Stack Resource Policy protocol) for resource sharing under EDF dispatching. The preemption-level for a task is denoted by its base priority. The definition of a ceiling preemption-level for a protected object follows the existing rules for ceiling locking.

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